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  • Title: A comparative study of the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine and apomorphine in the rat.
    Author: Antoniou K, Kafetzopoulos E.
    Journal: Pharmacol Biochem Behav; 1991 May; 39(1):61-70. PubMed ID: 1924514.
    Abstract:
    A wide range of doses of d-amphetamine and apomorphine were injected into rats, in order to better characterize and compare dopaminergic agonist-induced behavioral effects. The study was carried out using a computerized technique for the quantification and analysis of various behavioral elements. Although both drugs increased motor activity and provided dose-dependent stereotyped responses, the whole pattern of behavior in the open field showed a different structure. d-Amphetamine in doses that did not produce stereotyped responses induced a wide range of varied behavioral elements with increased frequency but decreased mean duration, while apomorphine induced a more restricted behavioral profile. Furthermore, a higher frequency of freezing reaction was observed after d-amphetamine treatment in low doses but not after apomorphine treatment. Both drugs in high doses elicited a similar stereotyped syndrome characterized by repetitive movements of great duration, but at low doses the behavioral pattern was completely different. The apomorphine-induced syndrome was characterized mainly by moving and sniffing, interrupted by rearing, while the amphetamine-induced syndrome by sniffing and moving, interrupted by standing and freezing.
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