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  • Title: [Obstetric anaesthesia for instrumental vaginal delivery].
    Author: Diemunsch P, Mercier FJ, Noll E.
    Journal: J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris); 2008 Dec; 37 Suppl 8():S269-75. PubMed ID: 19268203.
    Abstract:
    The aim of the anaesthesia for instrumental delivery is to provide optimal operation conditions for the obstetrician, appropriate maternal comfort, altogether with safety for the mother and her foetus. The type and location for this intervention are chosen individually for each case according to the indication, the risk of caesarean section and the local specificities. The general safety recommendations for obstetric anaesthesia apply in every case. Since an epidural analgesia is often already working, this type of anaesthesia is the most frequently used for the extractions. A spinal anaesthesia is a logical choice where an epidural in sot yet working. The pudendal block is a second line choice and the general anaesthesia remains as the last alternative in acute emergencies, in cases of failed regional anaesthesia or when the mother refuses any other anaesthesia despite proper information or proves unable to cooperate.
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