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  • Title: CpG oligonucleotides as adjuvants for vaccines targeting infectious diseases.
    Author: Klinman DM, Klaschik S, Sato T, Tross D.
    Journal: Adv Drug Deliv Rev; 2009 Mar 28; 61(3):248-55. PubMed ID: 19272313.
    Abstract:
    Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune adjuvants, accelerating and boosting antigen-specific immune responses. CpG motifs promote the induction of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines and support the maturation/activation of professional antigen presenting cells (particularly plasmacytoid dendritic cells). These effects are optimized by maintaining close physical contact between the CpG ODN and the immunogen. Co-administering CpG ODN with a variety of vaccines has improved the resultant humoral and/or cellular immune responses, culminating in enhanced protective immunity in rodent and primate challenge models. Ongoing clinical studies indicate that CpG ODN are safe and well-tolerated when administered as adjuvants to humans, and that they can support increased vaccine-specific immune responses.
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