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  • Title: Rapid and efficient cell labeling with a MRI contrast agent by electroporation in the presence of protamine sulfate.
    Author: Wang L, Wang Z, Frank TG, Brown SI, Chudek SA, Cuschieri A.
    Journal: Nanomedicine (Lond); 2009 Apr; 4(3):305-15. PubMed ID: 19331538.
    Abstract:
    AIMS: To investigate various protocols for magnetic labeling of human cancer cells with ferumoxides with a view to developing an effective and fast technique for potential clinical use in MRI. MATERIALS & METHODS: Transfection methods utilizing poly-L-lysine and protamine sulfate (PS), electroporation, and combination of PS with electroporation were evaluated in this in vitro study. RESULTS: Although transfection was more effective in terms of uptake rates (95-100%) and intracellular iron concentrations (4.01-7.34 pg/cell), all transfection agents required prolonged incubation. By contrast, electroporation yielded fast labeling but with a lower efficacy (68-75%, 1.63-2.59 pg/cell). The addition of PS to electroporation increased the labeling efficacy (80-91%, 2.84-4.16 pg/cell) and protected cell viability. This combined method also resulted in the best T(2)*-shortening effect in the in vitro cellular MRI. CONCLUSION: The combined PS-electroporation method provides a fast and efficient protocol for ferumoxide-based cellular imaging and therapeutic procedure.
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