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  • Title: Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Kaempferia parviflora in murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) and in experimental animals.
    Author: Sae-wong C, Tansakul P, Tewtrakul S.
    Journal: J Ethnopharmacol; 2009 Jul 30; 124(3):576-80. PubMed ID: 19439175.
    Abstract:
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The rhizomes of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker have been used in Thailand for treatment of gout, apthous ulcer, peptic ulcer and abscesses. AIM OF THE STUDY: In our previous study, the crude ethanol extract of Kaempferia parviflora and its compound (5, 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone), was reported to show nitric oxide (NO) inhibition in RAW 264.7 cells. The present study is thus investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Kaempferia parviflora extract and compound 5 against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The extract of Kaempferia parviflora and its compound were tested against NO and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) releases using RAW264.7 cells as well as studied on anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and acute toxicity in mice. RESULTS: The results revealed that the ethanol extract of Kaempferia parviflora markedly inhibited PGE(2) release with an IC(50) value of 9.2 microg/ml. This plant extract and compound 5 also suppressed mRNA expression of iNOS in dose-dependent manners, whereas COX-2 mRNA expression was partly affected. According to the in vivo study, chloroform and hexane fractions greater decreased rat paw edema than ethanol, ethyl acetate and water fractions. CONCLUSION: The mechanisms for anti-inflammatory activity of Kaempferia parviflora and compound 5 are mainly due to the inhibition of iNOS mRNA expression but partly through that of COX-2 mRNA.
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