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  • Title: [The evaluation and management of rotational deformity in cerebral palsy].
    Author: Inan M, Altintaş F, Duru I.
    Journal: Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc; 2009; 43(2):106-12. PubMed ID: 19448350.
    Abstract:
    Rotational deformities are common lower extremity abnormalities in children with cerebral palsy, which include intoeing and outtoeing. Intoeing is caused by one of the three types of deformity: increased femoral anteversion, internal tibial torsion, and metatarsus varus, while out-toeing, the less common form, is caused by femoral retroversion and external tibial torsion. An accurate diagnosis should be made with careful physical and radiographic examination.
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