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  • Title: Invertebrate cytokines: tunicate cell proliferation stimulated by an interleukin 1-like molecule.
    Author: Raftos DA, Cooper EL, Habicht GS, Beck G.
    Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A; 1991 Nov 01; 88(21):9518-22. PubMed ID: 1946365.
    Abstract:
    Tunicate pharyngeal cells include lymphocyte-like cells and granular amoebocytes. They are involved in the specific allogeneic and phagocytic reactions of tunicates. Little is known about their regulation or control. A tunicate interleukin 1 (IL-1)-like fraction is shown to stimulate the proliferation of these cells in vitro. This fraction, designated tunicate IL-1 beta, was isolated from tunicate hemolymph by gel filtration and chromatofocusing chromatography. Mitogenic responses to tunicate IL-1 beta were dose dependent and could be eliminated rapidly by removing tunicate IL-1 beta from culture medium. A second tunicate hemolymph fraction had no effect on tunicate cell proliferation even though it exhibited IL-1-like activity in a mouse thymocyte proliferation assay. Phytohemagglutin did not act synergistically with either fraction. These data are discussed in terms of the function and evolution of IL-1-like molecules in invertebrates.
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