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  • Title: Current concepts and future challenges in facial transplantation.
    Author: Lengelé BG.
    Journal: Clin Plast Surg; 2009 Jul; 36(3):507-21. PubMed ID: 19505618.
    Abstract:
    Facial allotransplantation has become a surgical reality. The first successful segmental human face transplants have demonstrated that facial allografts are reliable, their rejection can be prevented by low-dose immunosuppression, and their neurologic recovery enables oral and expressive functions of the face to be restored. Clinical facts have shown that the risk-benefit balance is acceptable in the medium term, that at the neurocognitive level the allograft is reintegrated in the body scheme of the recipient, and that it does not engender a donor identity transfer. This article presents a classification of facial allografts and discusses the technical, immunologic, and ethical challenges that lie ahead.
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