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  • Title: Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis.
    Author: Verghese A, Berk SL.
    Journal: Infect Dis Clin North Am; 1991 Sep; 5(3):523-38. PubMed ID: 1955698.
    Abstract:
    Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis is now a well-recognized pathogen in lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in the setting of chronic lung disease. The ability to produce beta-lactamase, which now characterizes most clinical strains, appears to be a recently acquired trait. The most common clinical syndrome caused by this organism is exacerbation of chronic bronchitis; this syndrome has been well described in Europe, Japan, and the United States, particularly from centers with a large elderly population with chronic lung disease. The syndrome of pneumonia is less common, and suppurative complications and bacteremia are rare.
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