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  • Title: High-resolution, high-transmission soft x-ray spectrometer for the study of biological samples.
    Author: Fuchs O, Weinhardt L, Blum M, Weigand M, Umbach E, Bär M, Heske C, Denlinger J, Chuang YD, McKinney W, Hussain Z, Gullikson E, Jones M, Batson P, Nelles B, Follath R.
    Journal: Rev Sci Instrum; 2009 Jun; 80(6):063103. PubMed ID: 19566192.
    Abstract:
    We present a variable line-space grating spectrometer for soft x-rays that covers the photon energy range between 130 and 650 eV. The optical design is based on the Hettrick-Underwood principle and tailored to synchrotron-based studies of radiation-sensitive biological samples. The spectrometer is able to record the entire spectral range in one shot, i.e., without any mechanical motion, at a resolving power of 1200 or better. Despite its slitless design, such a resolving power can be achieved for a source spot as large as (30 x 3000) microm2, which is important for keeping beam damage effects in radiation-sensitive samples low. The high spectrometer efficiency allows recording of comprehensive two-dimensional resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS) maps with good statistics within several minutes. This is exemplarily demonstrated for a RIXS map of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, which was taken within 10 min.
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