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  • Title: Multimodal analgesia for hip arthroplasty.
    Author: Tang R, Evans H, Chaput A, Kim C.
    Journal: Orthop Clin North Am; 2009 Jul; 40(3):377-87. PubMed ID: 19576406.
    Abstract:
    Multimodal analgesia incorporates the use of analgesic adjuncts with different mechanisms of action to enhance postoperative pain management. Acetaminophen, anti-inflammatories, and gabapentinoids provide effective analgesia while reducing opioid requirements and opioid-related side effects. Intrathecal morphine and periarticular local anesthetic infiltration further enhance dynamic analgesia and improve postoperative mobilization. Epidural analgesia, peripheral nerve blocks, tramadol, ketamine, and/or clonidine can be added for improved benefit in opioid-tolerant individuals.
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