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  • Title: Equivalent effects of acute tryptophan depletion on REM sleep in ecstasy users and controls.
    Author: Carhart-Harris RL, Nutt DJ, Munafo MR, Christmas DM, Wilson SJ.
    Journal: Psychopharmacology (Berl); 2009 Oct; 206(2):187-96. PubMed ID: 19585107.
    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: This study sought to test the association between 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine use, serotonergic function and sleep. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ambulatory polysomnography was used to measure three nights sleep in 12 ecstasy users and 12 controls after screening (no intervention), a tryptophan-free amino acid mixture (acute tryptophan depletion (ATD)) and a tryptophan-supplemented control mixture. RESULTS: ATD significantly decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep onset latency, increased the amount of REM sleep and increased the amount of stage 2 sleep in the first 3 h of sleep. There was no difference between ecstasy users' and controls' sleep on the screening night or after ATD. DISCUSSION: These findings imply that the ecstasy users had not suffered significant serotonergic damage as indexed by sleep.
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