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  • Title: Clinical and resource-use outcomes of risperidone long-acting injection in recent and long-term diagnosed schizophrenia patients: results from a multinational electronic registry.
    Author: Olivares JM, Peuskens J, Pecenak J, Resseler S, Jacobs A, Akhras KS, e-STAR Study Group.
    Journal: Curr Med Res Opin; 2009 Sep; 25(9):2197-206. PubMed ID: 19604073.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to pharmacological treatment leading to frequent relapses and rehospitalizations is a major issue of concern among schizophrenia patients, especially those who are recently diagnosed. Risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) has been shown to be efficacious, improve compliance, and increase long-term retention rate on therapy. OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical outcomes and hospitalizations before and after the initiation of RLAI among schizophrenia patients with recent (< or =2 years) diagnosis relative to those who had long-term (> 2 years) diagnosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The electronic Schizophrenia Treatment Adherence Registry (e-STAR) is an observational study of patients with schizophrenia who start treatment with RLAI. Data were recorded at baseline, retrospectively for the 12 months prior to baseline, and prospectively every 3 months for 24 months. Data on patients with a defined length of diagnosis were pooled from eight countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical Global Impression of Illness Severity (CGI-S), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores, and hospitalization data were key outcomes. RESULTS: The magnitude of improvement in CGI-S scores was greater in the recent versus long-term diagnosis group [Delta -1.48 vs. Delta -0.95 (12 months); Delta -1.6 vs. Delta -1.09 (24 months)]. There were parallel improvements in GAF scores [Delta 19.4 vs. Delta 13.7 (12 months); Delta 22.3 vs. Delta 16.8 (24 months)]. The decline in the proportion of patients hospitalized from the retrospective to the prospective period was greater in the recent versus long-term diagnosis group (Delta -36.0 vs. Delta -19%, respectively) at 12 months. This was also true for the number of hospital stays (Delta -0.6 vs. Delta -0.3, respectively) and length of stay (days) (Delta -20.9 vs. Delta -6.9, respectively) at 12 months. Common adverse events in both groups included psychiatric, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and reproductive system and breast disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with RLAI is associated with improved outcomes in recently diagnosed and chronic patients. However, the magnitude of improvement was higher in recently diagnosed patients.
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