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  • Title: Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children presenting with self-inserted nasal and aural foreign bodies.
    Author: Perera H, Fernando SM, Yasawardena AD, Karunaratne I.
    Journal: Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol; 2009 Oct; 73(10):1362-4. PubMed ID: 19616315.
    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the commonest behaviour disorders in children, characterized by hyperactivity, inattention and impulsiveness. Tendency towards risk-taking behaviour and accident proneness is well recognized in these children. Accordingly, it could be hypothesized that children with ADHD are at increased risk for self-inserting foreign bodies, but a Medline search did not reveal any studies that investigated this possibility. OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of ADHD among children seen with self-inserted foreign bodies. METHOD: Children attending ENT service in a tertiary care children's hospital with self-inserted foreign bodies were assessed for the presence of ADHD. Two rating scales, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)-Parent Version, and Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) were used to identify the cardinal features of ADHD. RESULTS: A total of 34 children, age 3-10 years, participated in the study. Majority (51.6%) were female. Nearly 25% had one or more previous incidents of foreign body insertion and 20% had previous accidental injuries that needed hospitalization. A prevalence of 14.3% for ADHD was identified, which is almost 3 times more than that reported in a previous study among children attending medical and surgical outpatient clinics (5.1%). High rates for abnormal hyperactivity scores were reported by parents, 37.4% with SDQ and 20% with CPRS. Although 64.7% of the sample was under 5 years, almost all children who were identified with ADHD belonged to 5-10 year age group, thus effectively excluding younger aged children who may have age related apparent hyperactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of possible association between self-insertion of foreign bodies and ADHD is needed and an assessment for hyperactivity/ADHD is justified in such children, especially in those over the age of 5 years.
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