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  • Title: Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.
    Author: Kumar H, Kawai T, Akira S.
    Journal: Biochem Biophys Res Commun; 2009 Oct 30; 388(4):621-5. PubMed ID: 19686699.
    Abstract:
    Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved innate receptors expressed in various immune and non-immune cells of the mammalian host. TLRs play a crucial role in defending against pathogenic microbial infection through the induction of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. Furthermore, TLRs also play roles in shaping pathogen-specific humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses. In this review, we describe the recent advances in pathogen recognition by TLRs and TLR signaling.
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