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  • Title: Validation of the Armenian Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) among ethnic Armenians in Lebanon.
    Author: Kazarian SS.
    Journal: Int J Soc Psychiatry; 2009 Sep; 55(5):442-8. PubMed ID: 19700484.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper is to report on the Armenian version of the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (Armenian CES-D) and its validity and reliability when administered to a community sample of ethnic Armenians in Lebanon. METHOD: A total of 172 participants completed the Armenian CES-D Scale, the Mood Rating Scale, the Armenian Psychological Well-Being Scale and the General Family Functioning Scale. The factor structure and internal consistency of the Armenian CES-D and its correlation with the remaining measures were evaluated. RESULTS: Two factors correlating r = 0.34 with each other were obtained. The depression factor comprised 16 psychological, somatic and interpersonal expressions of depressive symptoms and correlated r = 0.97 with Armenian CES-D scores. The well-being factor comprised four positive expressions of affect and correlated r = 0.34 with Armenian CES-D scores. Depression scores correlated r = -0.39 with psychological well-being scores, r = -0.34 with mood ratings and r = -0.23 with family functioning scores; the comparable correlations for well-being scores were r = -0.46, r = -0.41, and r = -0.33, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Armenian CES-D is likely measuring two distinct aspects of mental health, depression and well-being, and the depression factor may be as adequate in measuring the Armenian depressed mind as the 20-item Armenian CES-D Scale.
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