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  • Title: Amphiregulin promotes the proliferation of trophoblast cells during preimplantation development of porcine embryos.
    Author: Lee JH, Lee E, Biswas D, Jeung CS, Lee GS, Hyun SH, Jeung EB.
    Journal: Theriogenology; 2009 Nov; 72(8):1023-31. PubMed ID: 19729194.
    Abstract:
    Our objective was to investigate the effects of in vitro culture (IVC) medium supplemented with amphiregulin (AREG) on the preimplantation embryonic development of porcine (Genus: Sus domestica, Species: Landrace) embryos derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF) and parthenogenetic activation (PA). In vitro fertilization and PA embryos at the 1-cell stage were cultured in IVC medium supplemented with 0, 0.5, 5, or 50 ng/mL AREG for 7 d. There were significantly greater total numbers of cells in blastocysts of IVF and PA embryos cultured with 50 ng/mL AREG compared with that of controls. In vitro fertilization and PA embryos were then cultured in NCSU-23 medium supplemented with 50 ng/mL AREG on Days 1 through 7, Days 1 through 3 (early stage), or Days 4 through 7 (late stage), or without AREG. There were significantly greater numbers of trophoblast cells in the late-stage and full-term groups of IVF and PA embryos than in the early-stage and control groups. The presence of AREG protein in IVF-derived blastocysts was detected using a polyclonal AREG antibody and indirect immunofluorescence. Amphiregulin protein was localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we detected the expression of AREG mRNA in all developmental stages of IVF and PA embryos; however, the expression level varied according to stage. Thus, the incubation of porcine IVF and PA embryos in AREG-supplemented culture medium mainly at the late preimplantation stage increases the numbers of trophoblast cells.
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