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  • Title: Real time, noninvasive imaging and quantitation of the accumulation of ligand-targeted drugs into receptor-expressing solid tumors.
    Author: Vlashi E, Sturgis JE, Thomas M, Low PS.
    Journal: Mol Pharm; 2009; 6(6):1868-75. PubMed ID: 19754150.
    Abstract:
    Targeted therapies are emerging as a preferred strategy for treatment of cancer and other diseases. To evaluate the effect of high affinity receptors on the rate and extent of tumor penetration of receptor-targeted drugs, we have characterized the kinetics of folate-rhodamine uptake by folate receptor (FR)-expressing tumors in live mice. Folate-rhodamine was selected to model receptor-targeted drugs, because (i) it has high affinity (K(d) = 10(-9) M) for FR-rich tumors, (ii) its uptake can be monitored in vivo by multiphoton microscopy, and (iii) five folate-targeted drugs of similar size are currently undergoing clinical trials. We demonstrate that (1) folate-rhodamine saturates tumor FR in <5 min, <30 min, and <100 min following intravenous, paraorbital, and intraperitoneal injection, respectively; (2) complete clearance of folate-rhodamine from receptor-negative tissues requires > or =50 min, and (3) a "binding site barrier" may retard, but does not prevent, penetration of the ligand-targeted drug. We conclude that low molecular weight ligand-targeted drugs have appropriate pharmacokinetic properties for tumor-selective delivery.
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