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  • Title: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after highly active antiretroviral therapy: a review.
    Author: Tsang CS, Samaranayake LP.
    Journal: Oral Dis; 2010 Apr; 16(3):248-56. PubMed ID: 19758406.
    Abstract:
    The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) restores immune responses against pathogens and has greatly decreased mortality. However, in about 25% to 35% of patients receiving HAART, the reconstituted immune system leads to a pathological inflammatory response, commonly known as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which causes substantial short-term morbidity or even mortality. Although we have gleaned some knowledge on IRIS in the past few years, a number of unanswered questions remain. In this review, we discuss the definition, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical spectrum including oral manifestations, and management of IRIS.
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