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  • Title: Calcineurin activation by slow calcium release from intracellular stores suppresses protein kinase C regulation of L-type calcium channels in L6 cells.
    Author: Turner JD, Thomas AP, Reeves JP, Hantash BM.
    Journal: Cell Calcium; 2009 Oct; 46(4):242-7. PubMed ID: 19758695.
    Abstract:
    L-type Ca(2+) channel activity was assayed in L6 cells as the rate of nifedipine-sensitive Ba(2+) influx in a depolarizing medium. In the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or thymeleatoxin (TMX) inhibited Ba(2+) influx by 38%. Thapsigargin (Tg), a selective inhibitor of the Ca(2+)-ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, evoked a rise in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in a Ca(2+)-free medium from 30 to approximately 80 nM. This [Ca(2+)](i) increase declined slowly, giving rise to a modest elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) that persisted for >5 min. The inhibitory effects of PMA and TMX on channel activity were abolished when tested in Tg-treated cells in a Ca(2+)-free medium. However, when the Ca(2+) ionophore, ionomycin, was applied with Tg, PMA and TMX retained their inhibitory effect on L-type Ca(2+) channel activity, suggesting that a lower amplitude and prolonged release of Ca(2+) stores is necessary for abrogating PKC-mediated inhibition of LCC. Cyclosporin A (5 microM) and ascomycin (5 microM), inhibitors of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, calcineurin, fully restored the inhibitory effect of PMA and TMX on channel activity. Addition of 1mM CaCl(2) to the Tg-treated cells increased [Ca(2+)](i) to approximately 165 nM and also restored the inhibitory effects of PMA and TMX. These results indicate that a small, relatively prolonged [Ca(2+)](i) increase elicited by passive depletion of internal Ca(2+) stores led to activation of calcineurin, giving rise to an increase in protein phosphatase activity that counteracted the inhibitory effects of PKC on channel activity. A larger increase in [Ca(2+)](i) via store-dependent Ca(2+) entry enhanced the activity of PKC sufficiently to overcome the protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin. This study is the first to demonstrate that the regulation of L-type Ca(2+) channels in a myocyte model involves a balance between the differential Ca(2+) sensitivities and opposing actions of PKC and calcineurin.
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