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  • Title: Viral and bacterial contamination in recreational waters: a case study in the Lisbon bay area.
    Author: Silva AM, Vieira H, Martins N, Granja ATS, Vale MJ, Vale FF.
    Journal: J Appl Microbiol; 2010 Mar; 108(3):1023-1031. PubMed ID: 19761463.
    Abstract:
    AIMS: To assess the presence of viral pathogens in bathing water samples and to evaluate the interdependency of bacterial indicator counts and viral detection. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bathing water samples of 16 beaches collected along a Portuguese Coastal area were screened for the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and norovirus genogroup I (NVGI) using RT-PCR technique. Bacteriological water quality was also assessed, according to European regulations. HAV and NVGI were detected in 95% and 27% of the water samples, respectively, whereas bacteriological quality was good in all but one sample, according to current water quality regulations. CONCLUSIONS: All water samples would be considered of excellent quality according to the most recent European regulations. No relationship between viral detection and regulatory-based bacterial indicators was found. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The current results reinforce the importance of increased surveillance for pathogenic viruses in bathing waters.
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