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  • Title: Identification of alkyl substituted 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-ones as germination stimulants present in smoke.
    Author: Flematti GR, Ghisalberti EL, Dixon KW, Trengove RD.
    Journal: J Agric Food Chem; 2009 Oct 28; 57(20):9475-80. PubMed ID: 19785418.
    Abstract:
    The butenolide, 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (1), is a major compound in smoke responsible for promoting the seed germination of a wide range of plant species. We now report the structure of five alkyl substituted variants of 1 that are also present in smoke. The concentrations of these analogues, as well as that of 1, in a typical smoke-water solution have been determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The analogue, 3,5-dimethyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one (3), was identified at levels that indicate that it is a contributor to the overall germination-promoting activity of crude smoke extracts.
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