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  • Title: Nephrolithiasis: treatment, causes, and prevention.
    Author: Hall PM.
    Journal: Cleve Clin J Med; 2009 Oct; 76(10):583-91. PubMed ID: 19797458.
    Abstract:
    Factors that promote stone formation include low daily urine volumes; saturation of the urine with calcium, oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, or cystine; acidic urine; and bacterial infection. The author identifies the mechanisms of stone formation and outlines management aimed at preventing recurrences.
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