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  • Title: Cryptosporidium parvum infection rapidly induces a protective innate immune response involving type I interferon.
    Author: Barakat FM, McDonald V, Foster GR, Tovey MG, Korbel DS.
    Journal: J Infect Dis; 2009 Nov 15; 200(10):1548-55. PubMed ID: 19821721.
    Abstract:
    Type II interferon (IFN), IFN-gamma, is important in innate immunity to the intestinal protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium species, which infects epithelial cells (enterocytes). This investigation is, to our knowledge, the first to characterize the role of type I IFN in innate immunity to this parasite. Pretreatment of human or murine enterocyte cell lines with IFN-alpha/beta inhibited parasite development, and we identified that a key mechanism of cytokine action was to prevent parasite invasion of enterocytes. IFN-alpha/beta was rapidly expressed by infected murine enterocytes and also by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells that were exposed to live parasites. Treatment of neonatal severe combined immunodeficiency mice with anti-IFN-alpha/beta neutralizing antibodies before infection increased oocyst reproduction, as measured at the peak of infection, and parasite numbers in gut epithelium were also increased 2 days after infection. The latter observation correlated with strong intestinal expression of both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta messenger RNA within 24 h after infection. Treatment with anti-IFN-alpha/beta, however, did not reduce early expression of IFN-gamma. These findings identify a novel early innate host response against Cryptosporidium parvum involving IFN-alpha/beta.
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