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  • Title: Neuropsychological assessment of current and past crack cocaine users.
    Author: De Oliveira LG, Barroso LP, Silveira CM, Sanchez ZV, De Carvalho Ponce J, Vaz LJ, Nappo SA.
    Journal: Subst Use Misuse; 2009; 44(13):1941-57. PubMed ID: 20001290.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Cognitive changes due to crack cocaine consumption remain unclear. METHODS: For clarification, 55 subjects were assigned to three groups: control group, crack cocaine current users, and ex-users. Participants were submitted to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and tasks evaluating executive functioning and verbal memory. Mood state was also measured. Intergroup comparisons were carried out. RESULTS: Control group performance on the MMSE was better than that of users and ex-users. Verbal memory performance for logical memory of users was impaired. Ex-users scored lower on DSST and Trail Making Test (Part B). CONCLUSION: Chronic crack cocaine use seems to disrupt general cognitive functioning (MMSE), verbal memory, and attentional resources, but findings suggest that some of these effects could be reversed by abstinence.
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