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  • Title: Synaptotagmin IV determines the linear Ca2+ dependence of vesicle fusion at auditory ribbon synapses.
    Author: Johnson SL, Franz C, Kuhn S, Furness DN, Rüttiger L, Münkner S, Rivolta MN, Seward EP, Herschman HR, Engel J, Knipper M, Marcotti W.
    Journal: Nat Neurosci; 2010 Jan; 13(1):45-52. PubMed ID: 20010821.
    Abstract:
    Mammalian cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs) are specialized for the dynamic coding of continuous and finely graded sound signals. This ability is largely conferred by the linear Ca(2+) dependence of neurotransmitter release at their synapses, which is also a feature of visual and olfactory systems. The prevailing hypothesis is that linearity in IHCs occurs through a developmental change in the Ca(2+) sensitivity of synaptic vesicle fusion from the nonlinear (high order) Ca(2+) dependence of immature spiking cells. However, the nature of the Ca(2+) sensor(s) of vesicle fusion at hair cell synapses is unknown. We found that synaptotagmin IV was essential for establishing the linear exocytotic Ca(2+) dependence in adult rodent IHCs and immature outer hair cells. Moreover, the expression of the hitherto undetected synaptotagmins I and II correlated with a high-order Ca(2+) dependence in IHCs. We propose that the differential expression of synaptotagmins determines the characteristic Ca(2+) sensitivity of vesicle fusion at hair cell synapses.
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