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  • Title: Simultaneous epidemics of influenza and malaria in the Australian Army in Palestine in 1918.
    Author: Shanks GD.
    Journal: Med J Aust; ; 191(11-12):654-7. PubMed ID: 20028296.
    Abstract:
    In October 1918, an Allied army (Egyptian Expeditionary Force) in Palestine experienced simultaneous epidemics of falciparum malaria and influenza during the cavalry campaign that defeated the Turkish Army. Malaria infection occurred 2 weeks after the advance of cavalry units into areas without environmental mosquito control. Pandemic influenza, now thought to be an A/H1N1 strain, struck at the same time. In the Egyptian Expeditionary Force of 315,000 soldiers, 773 died from malaria and 934 from influenza-pneumonia. Disease casualties outnumbered those due to combat by more than 37 to 1. Simultaneous infectious disease epidemics can cause mass casualties, capable of overwhelming any health service.
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