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  • Title: Bluetongue in cattle: repeated exposure of two immunologically tolerant calves to bluetongue virus by vector bites.
    Author: Luedke AJ, Jochim MM, Jones RH.
    Journal: Am J Vet Res; 1977 Nov; 38(11):1701-4. PubMed ID: 201194.
    Abstract:
    A heifer and steer that were immunologically tolerant to bluetongue (BT) virus became immunologically competent after repeated exposures by bites of BT virus-infected Culicoides variipennis. Immunologic tolerance ended in the heifer at 25 months of age, after the 2nd exposure to the virus, and in the steer at 22 months, after the 4th exposure. High hemic concentrations of BT virus were detected in both animals after they became immunologically competent, but neither developed an overt BT clinical response. The steer died suddenly and extensive pathologic changes were observed at necropsy.
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