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  • Title: Effect of production variables on microbiological removal in locally-produced ceramic filters for household water treatment.
    Author: Lantagne D, Klarman M, Mayer A, Preston K, Napotnik J, Jellison K.
    Journal: Int J Environ Health Res; 2010 Jun; 20(3):171-87. PubMed ID: 20162486.
    Abstract:
    Diarrhoeal diseases cause an estimated 1.87 million child deaths per year. Point-of-use filtration using locally made ceramic filters improves microbiological quality of stored drinking water and prevents diarrhoeal disease. Scaling-up ceramic filtration is inhibited by lack of universal quality control standards. We investigated filter production variables to determine their affect on microbiological removal during 5-6 weeks of simulated normal use. Decreases in the clay:sawdust ratio and changes in the burnable decreased effectiveness of the filter. Method of silver application and shape of filter did not impact filter effectiveness. A maximum flow rate of 1.7 l(-hr) was established as a potential quality control measure for one particular filter to ensure 99% (2- log(10)) removal of total coliforms. Further research is indicated to determine additional production variables associated with filter effectiveness and develop standardized filter production procedures prior to scaling-up.
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