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  • Title: An overlooked diagnosis on transthoracic echocardiography: apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
    Author: Yiğiner O, Cingözbay BY, Uz O, Cebeci BS.
    Journal: Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars; 2009 Dec; 37(8):569-71. PubMed ID: 20200460.
    Abstract:
    Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) may be overlooked during routine echocardiography. A 54-year-old male patient with dyslipidemia and positive family history presented with atypical chest pain. The 12-lead electrocardiogram showed increased QRS voltage and deep T-wave inversions in precordial leads. Transthoracic echocardiography performed with poor echocardiographic windows demonstrated normal findings. Coronary angiography showed normal coronary arteries. Left ventriculography revealed a spade-like deformity (ace of spades), typical for apical HCM. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis.
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