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  • Title: Higher order structure of short immunostimulatory oligonucleotides studied by atomic force microscopy.
    Author: Klein DC, Latz E, Espevik T, Stokke BT.
    Journal: Ultramicroscopy; 2010 May; 110(6):689-93. PubMed ID: 20202756.
    Abstract:
    Immunostimulatory CpG-DNA activates the innate immune system by binding to Toll-like receptor 9. Structurally different CpG-containing oligonucleotides trigger a different type of immune response while activating the same receptor. We therefore investigated the higher order structure of two different classes of immunostimulatory CpG-DNA. Class A, which contains a partly self-complementary sequence and poly-G ends, forms duplexes and nanoparticles in salt solution, while class B, which does not contain these features and is purely linear, does not form a duplex or nanoparticles. Results obtained here by high-resolution atomic force microscopy of classes A and B CpG-DNA, reflect these differences in secondary structure. Detailed structural analysis of the atomic force microscopy topographs is presented for two different sample preparation methods.
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