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  • Title: Unsuspected sphincter damage following childbirth revealed by anal endosonography.
    Author: Burnett SJ, Spence-Jones C, Speakman CT, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Bartram CI.
    Journal: Br J Radiol; 1991 Mar; 64(759):225-7. PubMed ID: 2021796.
    Abstract:
    Anal endosonography was performed in 62 consecutive patients with incontinence of flatus or faeces following obstetric trauma, and in 18 parous controls. Of the incontinent group, 90% had defects in the external sphincter, 65% in the internal sphincter and 44% disruption of the perineal body, compared with none of the controls. This triad of lesions is pathognomonic of obstetric trauma. Anal endosonography revealed a higher prevalence of sphincter damage than expected from anorectal physiology tests, and therefore has a role in screening patients following complicated or difficult deliveries.
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