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  • Title: Primary sources and immunological prerequisites for sST2 secretion in humans.
    Author: Mildner M, Storka A, Lichtenauer M, Mlitz V, Ghannadan M, Hoetzenecker K, Nickl S, Dome B, Tschachler E, Ankersmit HJ.
    Journal: Cardiovasc Res; 2010 Sep 01; 87(4):769-77. PubMed ID: 20363761.
    Abstract:
    AIMS: Serum levels of the soluble growth stimulation gene-2 (sST2) are elevated in heart and pulmonary diseases. However, the relationship of the sST2/interleukin (IL)-33 axis and its triggers as well as its organ distribution is still not known. This study was thus designed to investigate the cellular origin and regulation of sST2 and IL-33 in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: sST2 and IL-33 gene expression and protein secretion were analysed in pooled organ-specific cDNAs and in primary cell cultures, respectively, by RT-PCR and ELISA technology. The strongest sST2 mRNA expression was detected in heart and lung tissues, which correlated with spontaneous secretion of sST2 protein in vitro. The inflammatory cytokines IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and tumour necrosis factor alpha as well as supernatants of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells led to an enhanced secretion of sST2 in cultured cardiac myocytes and lung alveolar epithelial cells. These cytokines enhanced sST2 secretion via an NFkappaB-dependent mechanism. In addition, LPS stimulation in humans in vivo induced a short-term inflammatory response that was followed by a massive enhancement of sST2 secretion. CONCLUSION: These results identify the primary sources and inflammatory triggers for the enhancement of sST2 secretion and demonstrate a relationship between inflammation and the secretion of a bioactive member of the IL-1R family, both in vitro and in vivo.
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