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  • Title: Posttraumatic growth in Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom.
    Author: Pietrzak RH, Goldstein MB, Malley JC, Rivers AJ, Johnson DC, Morgan CA, Southwick SM.
    Journal: J Affect Disord; 2010 Oct; 126(1-2):230-5. PubMed ID: 20399504.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: A growing body of research has examined the prevalence and correlates of psychopathology, mild traumatic brain injury, and related problems in Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF-OIF). While these studies help characterize the deleterious effects of combat, no known study has examined factors that may enhance posttraumatic growth or positive changes experienced as a result of combat in this population. METHOD: A total of 272 predominantly older Reservist/National Guard OEF-OIF Veterans completed an anonymous mail survey that assessed combat exposure, psychopathology, psychosocial functioning, social support, and posttraumatic growth. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of the sample endorsed a significant degree of posttraumatic growth in at least one of the areas assessed, the most common of which were changing priorities about what is important in life (52.2%), being able to better appreciate each day (51.1%), and being better able to handle difficulties (48.5%). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that younger age, greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and increased perceptions of unit member support and effort/perseverance were significantly associated with posttraumatic growth. Respondents with PTSD scored higher on an overall measure of posttraumatic growth and on items reflecting appreciation of life and personal strength. LIMITATIONS: This study is limited by a relatively low survey return rate and employment of an abbreviated measure of posttraumatic growth. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that interventions to bolster unit member support and to enhance perceptions of effort and perseverance may help promote posttraumatic growth in OEF-OIF Veterans.
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