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  • Title: Periodontal regeneration using an anabolic peptide with two carriers in baboons.
    Author: Yamashita M, Lazarov M, Jones AA, Mealey BL, Mellonig JT, Cochran DL.
    Journal: J Periodontol; 2010 May; 81(5):727-36. PubMed ID: 20429652.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Various growth proteins have been used to encourage periodontal tissue regeneration. The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate the periodontal regeneration achieved with the use of a synthetic anabolic peptide (AP) combined with either beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) or an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) as the carrier. METHODS: Periodontal defects were created bilaterally adjacent to four mandibular teeth in five baboons. Plaque was allowed to accumulate around wire ligatures placed into the defects. After 2 months, the wire ligatures were removed, and a notch was placed at the base of the defect. The four teeth were randomly treated with one of the following treatments: 1) saline + ACS serving as the control, 2) AP + ACS, 3) saline + beta-TCP serving as another control, or 4) AP + beta-TCP. The baboons were sacrificed 5 months post-treatment, and histomorphometric analyses were performed under masked conditions. RESULTS: At 5 months post-surgery, the mean length of new cementum for sites treated with AP + ACS, AP + beta-TCP, saline + ACS, saline + beta-TCP amounted to 3.32 +/- 1.7 mm, 3.86 +/- 1.0 mm, 2.87 +/- 1.3 mm, and 3.15 +/- 1.9 mm, respectively. The mean width of new cementum for the corresponding values was 52.5 +/- 14.7 microm, 54.5 +/- 24.2 microm, 37.4 +/- 12.7 microm, and 48.9 +/- 12.4 microm, respectively. The mean width of new periodontal ligament for corresponding values was 246 +/- 140 microm, 166 +/- 26 microm, 251 +/- 92 microm, and 240 +/- 91 microm. No statistically significant difference was observed for any of the parameters among groups in this pilot study. CONCLUSIONS: Preclinical studies showed that AP has positive anabolic effects on bone cells. In this study, no adverse tissue reactions were observed in the AP-treated sites, including root resorption, ankylosis, or a foreign body reaction. The cementum length and width were greater in the sites treated with AP versus sites treated with a control; however, these differences were not significant in the small number of animals used. Further research is needed to define the potential of AP as a periodontal therapeutic agent.
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