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  • Title: Application of high rate nitrifying trickling filters to remove low concentrations of ammonia from reclaimed municipal wastewater.
    Author: van den Akker B, Holmes M, Short MD, Cromar NJ, Fallowfield HJ.
    Journal: Water Sci Technol; 2010; 61(10):2425-32. PubMed ID: 20453314.
    Abstract:
    The interference of ammonia with the chlorination process is a problem for many reclaimed water treatment plant operators. This paper presents the findings from a series of pilot experiments that investigated the efficacy of high flow rate nitrifying trickling filters (NTFs) for the removal of low concentrations of ammonia (0.5-3.0 mg N L(-1)) from reclaimed wastewater. Results showed that nitrification was impeded by a combination of high organic carbon loads and aquatic snails, which consumed much of the active biomass. With adequate snail control, nitrification rates (0.3-1.1 g NH(4)-N m(-2) d(-1)) equivalent to that of traditional wastewater NTFs were achieved, despite operating under comparably low ammonia feed concentrations and high hydraulic flow rates.
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