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  • Title: Partial intravenous anaesthesia in 5 horses using ketamine, lidocaine, medetomidine and halothane.
    Author: Kruger K, Stegmann GF.
    Journal: J S Afr Vet Assoc; 2009 Dec; 80(4):233-6. PubMed ID: 20458864.
    Abstract:
    A partial intravenous protocol was used successfully to maintain anaesthesia in 5 healthy horses. Horses were premedicated with acepromazine, romifidine and butorphanol, induced with guaifenesin and ketamine and maintained on a constant rate infusion of lidocaine, ketamine and medetomidine together with halothane inhalation anaesthesia. Mean end-tidal halothane concentration to maintain a surgical plane of anaesthesia was 0.8 +/- 0.2%. Mean dobutamine requirement to maintain mean arterial pressure above 9.31 kPa was 0.42 +/- 0.3 microg/kg/min. The administration of relatively low doses of lidocaine, ketamine and medetomidine together with halothane resulted in haemodynamically stable anaesthesia, followed by smooth recovery.
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