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  • Title: [Systemic lupus erythematosus. 1. Disease manifestations, infections, thrombotic episodes, causes of death and survival in a case load of 173 patients followed for 13.9 years].
    Author: Halberg P, Bendixen G, Kriegbaum NJ, Lorenzen I, Müller K, Olesen KM, Ullman S.
    Journal: Ugeskr Laeger; 1991 Jun 10; 153(24):1700-4. PubMed ID: 2058038.
    Abstract:
    One hundred and seventy-three patients had systemic lupus erythematosus according to the 1982-ARA-criteria. The mean disease duration at the time of the study was 16.4 years, and the patients were followed by three Copenhagen clinics for a mean of 13.9 years until 1987/88 or death. Half of the patients had nephropathy, 61 patients developed severe infections, and 39 patients had thrombotic episodes. Fifty-six patients died during the observation period, 24 due to active lupus (12 of kidney failure), 12 because of infections, and 11 because of atherosclerotic cardio-vascular disease. The patients had 10-, 15- and 20-year survival rates of 80, 65 and 48 per cent. The deaths were evenly distributed throughout the observation period.
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