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  • Title: Nod-like receptors: sentinels at host membranes.
    Author: Philpott DJ, Girardin SE.
    Journal: Curr Opin Immunol; 2010 Aug; 22(4):428-34. PubMed ID: 20605429.
    Abstract:
    Innate immune detection of danger signals and microbial motifs is achieved by distinct families of pattern recognition molecules. These include the membrane-anchored Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as well as cytosolic Nod-like receptors (NLRs) and Rig-I-like receptors (RLRs). The precise mode of NLR activation in the host cytosol remains poorly defined, as evidence of direct interaction between NLRs and danger- or microbial-associated molecular patterns remains elusive. However, a number of convergent observations now suggest that activation of some NLRs occurs at the level of host membranes or as a consequence of membrane damage. This review focuses on this emerging theme and discusses the functional consequences of innate immune sensing at the vicinity of the membrane.
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