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  • Title: Kallikrein-kinin system: a surgical perspective in post-aprotinin era.
    Author: Saxena P, Thompson P, d'Udekem Y, Konstantinov IE.
    Journal: J Surg Res; 2011 May 01; 167(1):70-7. PubMed ID: 20605589.
    Abstract:
    Kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) plays an important role in inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, and development of neoplasia. There is evidence to suggest that KKS plays an important role in organ protection during preconditioning. Aprotinin is a nonspecific serine protease inhibitor, which has been extensively used in cardiac surgery for the control of post operative bleeding. The anti-inflammatory effects of aproprotin are due to its inhibitory effect on the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). We herein review KKS and its role as applied to the practice of surgery.
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