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  • Title: Quantitative analysis of exocytosis directly visualized in living chromaffin cells.
    Author: Terakawa S, Fan JH, Kumakura K, Ohara-Imaizumi M.
    Journal: Neurosci Lett; 1991 Feb 11; 123(1):82-6. PubMed ID: 2062457.
    Abstract:
    Chromaffin cells isolated from the bovine adrenal medulla were observed under a Nomarski microscope through a CCD camera and an image processor. Exocytotic events of individual granules including fusion, extrusion, swelling, omega-figure formation, and membrane retrieval were visualized in individual cells stimulated by acetylcholine or K-rich solution. Initial steps were quicker than 16 ms, and the membrane retrieval was slower than 1-60 s. These findings provided a light microscopic proof for the exocytosis hypothesis as well as a basis for quantification of hormonal release. The technique was used to demonstrate significant secretion induced by a muscarinic agonist.
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