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  • Title: Optimizing electroencephalographic studies for epilepsy diagnosis in children with new-onset seizures.
    Author: Sadleir LG, Scheffer IE.
    Journal: Arch Neurol; 2010 Nov; 67(11):1345-9. PubMed ID: 20625070.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: To establish whether early electroencephalography (EEG) or later sleep-deprived EEG (SD-EEG) has a higher yield of epileptiform and background abnormalities in children with new-onset seizures, and to use EEG results to assist in diagnosis of electroclinical epilepsy syndromes at presentation. DESIGN: Prospective analysis blinded to EEG protocol and epilepsy diagnosis. SETTING: Regional service capturing a pediatric population of 121,000. PATIENTS: Consecutive untreated children aged 2 to 16 years presenting to emergency departments with new-onset seizures (excluding myoclonic and absence seizures). INTERVENTION: Each child had 2 EEG protocols: an early EEG study (within 24 hours following a seizure) and an SD-EEG study (48 hours to 4 weeks following a seizure). Epilepsy diagnosis was made independently by 2 pediatric epileptologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate of epileptiform abnormalities and slowing in the 2 EEG studies. The secondary outcome measure was diagnosis of epilepsy syndrome where possible. RESULTS: Of 92 children studied, 50 (54%) had a single seizure; 42 (46%) had 2 or more seizures at presentation. Seizures were focal in 61 children (66%) and generalized in 19 (21%). Epileptiform discharges occurred in 56 SD-EEGs (61%) and 52 early EEGs (57%) (P = .27). Background slowing occurred in 26 SD-EEGs (28%) and 42 early EEGs (46%) (P < .001). Parents preferred early EEG (65 parents [71%]) to later SD-EEG (14 parents [15%]) because of availability of earlier results and epilepsy diagnosis. Forty-two of 92 children (46%) were diagnosed with a specific electroclinical syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Early EEG and SD-EEG studies have a similar yield of epileptiform abnormalities. Background abnormalities are more frequent in early EEGs. The EEG results at presentation in new-onset seizures support epilepsy diagnosis, with electroclinical syndromes diagnosed in almost 50% of children.
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