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  • Title: Inflammatory subtypes in cough-variant asthma: association with maintenance doses of inhaled corticosteroids.
    Author: Matsuoka H, Niimi A, Matsumoto H, Takemura M, Ueda T, Yamaguchi M, Jinnai M, Inoue H, Ito I, Chin K, Mishima M.
    Journal: Chest; 2010 Dec; 138(6):1418-25. PubMed ID: 20671058.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Sputum cell-subtype profiles in cough-variant asthma (CVA) are unknown. METHODS: Ninety-eight inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-naive CVA patients were classified according to sputum eosinophil (eos)/neutrophil (neu) counts, as reported in subjects with asthma, as eosinophilic (E) (eos ≥ 1.0%, neu < 61%; n = 28), neutrophilic (N) (eos < 1.0%, neu ≥ 61%; n = 31), mixed granulocytic (M) (eos ≥ 1.0%, neu ≥ 61%; n = 12), and paucigranulocytic (P) (eos < 1.0%, neu < 61%; n = 27) subtypes. Patient characteristics; sputum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), IL-8, and neutrophil elastase (NE); and daily ICS doses required to maintain control during follow-up (6, 12, 18, and 24 months) were compared, retrospectively. RESULTS: Subtype N patients, predominantly women, were marginally older than the other subtypes, but FEV(1), airway responsiveness, and total and specific IgE results did not differ. ECP levels were higher in M and E than in N and P subtypes, being similar between M and E or N and P subtypes. Levels of IL-8 and NE were higher in M than in other subtypes, being similar among the latter. ICS doses were initially similar in all subtypes (800 μg equivalent of beclomethasone) but were higher in M than in N and P subtypes throughout follow-up, with E being intermediate between M and N or P subtypes. ICS doses decreased (halved or quartered) in E, N, and P patients followed for 24 months (P < .0001 for all) but remained unchanged in M subjects. IL-8 and NE levels correlated positively with ECP levels. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to eosinophils, neutrophils, which are possibly activated in the presence of eosinophils, may participate in the pathophysiology of CVA.
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