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  • Title: Depression and hemoglobin A1c in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: the role of self-efficacy.
    Author: Sacco WP, Bykowski CA.
    Journal: Diabetes Res Clin Pract; 2010 Nov; 90(2):141-6. PubMed ID: 20673594.
    Abstract:
    AIMS: To examine a self-efficacy explanation of the finding that depression is related to hemoglobin A1c (A1c) level in people with type 1 but not type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Cross-sectional design involving 124 participants with type 1 (n=32) and type 2 (n=92) diabetes. Participants completed measures of depression and diabetes-related self-efficacy. A1c was obtained from medical records. RESULTS: Replicating prior findings, A1c was significantly correlated with depression in type 1 participants (r=.51, p<.01), but not in type 2 participants (r=.11, ns). As hypothesized, A1c was significantly correlated with self-efficacy among type 1 participants (r=-.42, p<.05) but not among type 2 participants (r=-.01, ns). Self-efficacy also mediated the effect of A1c on depression among the type 1 participants (Z=2.21, p<.05). CONCLUSION: In people with type 1, but not type 2 diabetes, A1c levels are related to diabetes adherence mastery (self-efficacy), which mediates the link between A1c and depression. Results are discussed with regard to the proposal that perceptions of ineffective control over one's health play a role in the development of depression (a consequence model of depression in diabetes).
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