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  • Title: Digitally tunable, wide-band amplitude, phase, and frequency detection for atomic-resolution scanning force microscopy.
    Author: Khan Z, Leung C, Tahir BA, Hoogenboom BW.
    Journal: Rev Sci Instrum; 2010 Jul; 81(7):073704. PubMed ID: 20687728.
    Abstract:
    Frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) relies on an accurate tracking of the resonance frequency of a scanning probe. It is now used in environments ranging from ultrahigh vacuum to aqueous solutions, for slow and for fast imaging, with probes resonating from a few kilohertz up to several megahertz. Here we present a versatile experimental setup that detects amplitude, phase, and frequency of AFM probes for resonance frequencies up to 15 MHz and with >70 kHz maximum bandwidth for amplitude/phase detection. We provide generic parameter settings for variable-bandwidth frequency detection and test these using our setup. The signal-to-noise ratio of the frequency detector is sufficiently high to record atomic-resolution images of mica by FM-AFM in aqueous solution.
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