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  • Title: Urinary excretion of theobromine in horses given contaminated pelleted food.
    Author: Delbeke FT, Debackere M.
    Journal: Vet Res Commun; 1991; 15(2):107-16. PubMed ID: 2068794.
    Abstract:
    A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for measuring the theobromine content in cocoa husks, pelleted food and horse urine is described. Starting with 2 ml of urine, concentrations of 500 ng/ml could easily be detected. When feed containing 38.4 mg of theobromine was given twice daily to horses for 2 1/2 days, two days were needed after the last intake before the theobromine concentrations fell below the threshold value of 2 micrograms/ml. The time at which the peak excretion rate occurred varied from 2 to 12 h after the last administration, while the excretion rate seemed to be dependent on the urinary flow. Theobromine could not be detected in plasma after administration in this way.
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