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  • Title: Mineral recovery from inland reverse osmosis concentrate using isothermal evaporation.
    Author: Mohammadesmaeili F, Badr MK, Abbaszadegan M, Fox P.
    Journal: Water Res; 2010 Dec; 44(20):6021-30. PubMed ID: 20817253.
    Abstract:
    Mineral recovery from reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate after concentration by a secondary sea water-type RO system with lime-soda pretreatment was the focus of this study. Lime-soda pretreatment removed Ca, Mg and Si allowing for the application of sea water-type RO resulting in a concentrate composed of sodium, potassium, sulfate and chloride. The overall objective was reduction in concentrate volume that will require disposal by evaporation while producing by-products with potential resale value. Thermodynamic phase equilibrium calculations using Pitzer's correlations for 25 °C, accurately predicted the solubility and evaporation path of the sodium sulfate minerals as potential by-products. Bench-scale evaporation experiments verified the model predictions and indicated that 81-88% of the sodium sulfate by-products were Na(2)SO(4).
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