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  • Title: Management options for cast nephropathy in multiple myeloma.
    Author: Cockwell P, Hutchison CA.
    Journal: Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens; 2010 Nov; 19(6):550-5. PubMed ID: 20827195.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews the relevance of the following areas to the contemporary management of cast nephropathy in multiple myeloma: immunoassays that quantify immunoglobulin free light chain (FLC), novel chemotherapy agents and high cut-off (protein-permeable) haemodialysis, which are under evaluation in patients with cast nephropathy and multiple myeloma. RECENT FINDINGS: Clonal serum FLC can be measured with high sensitivity and specificity and used to rapidly screen for cast nephropathy. A sustained decrease in serum FLC levels within 3 weeks of starting treatment is associated with renal recovery; novel chemotherapy agents can maximize this early response. Although plasma exchange does not produce clinical benefit, pilot studies of high cut-off haemodialysis show high efficacy for serum FLC removal. SUMMARY: If a patient with cast nephropathy and severe acute kidney injury remains dialysis-dependent, the prognosis is poor. A prompt diagnosis and commencement of effective chemotherapy is a critical determinant of renal recovery. A randomized controlled trial of high cut-off haemodialysis in patients with cast nephropathy, who all receive bortezomib-based chemotherapy, is underway.
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