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  • Title: High-strength nanograined and translucent hydroxyapatite monoliths via continuous hydrothermal synthesis and optimized spark plasma sintering.
    Author: Chaudhry AA, Yan H, Gong K, Inam F, Viola G, Reece MJ, Goodall JB, ur Rehman I, McNeil-Watson FK, Corbett JC, Knowles JC, Darr JA.
    Journal: Acta Biomater; 2011 Feb; 7(2):791-9. PubMed ID: 20883835.
    Abstract:
    The synthesis of high-strength, completely dense nanograined hydroxyapatite (bioceramic) monoliths is a challenge as high temperatures or long sintering times are often required. In this study, nanorods of hydroxyapatite (HA) and calcium-deficient HA (made using a novel continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis method) were consolidated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) up to full theoretical density in ∼5 min at temperatures up to 1000°C. After significant optimization of the SPS heating and loading cycles, fully dense HA discs were obtained which were translucent, suggesting very high densities. Significantly high three-point flexural strength values for such materials (up to 158 MPa) were measured. Freeze-fracturing of disks followed by scanning electron microscopy investigation revealed selected samples possessed sub-200 nm sized grains and no visible pores, suggesting they were fully dense.
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