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  • Title: Enhanced external counterpulsation improves peripheral artery flow-mediated dilation in patients with chronic angina: a randomized sham-controlled study.
    Author: Braith RW, Conti CR, Nichols WW, Choi CY, Khuddus MA, Beck DT, Casey DP.
    Journal: Circulation; 2010 Oct 19; 122(16):1612-20. PubMed ID: 20921442.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Mechanisms responsible for anti-ischemic benefits of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) remain unknown. This was the first randomized sham-controlled study to investigate the extracardiac effects of EECP on peripheral artery flow-mediated dilation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-two symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease were randomized (2:1 ratio) to thirty-five 1-hour sessions of either EECP (n=28) or sham EECP (n=14). Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial and femoral arteries was performed with the use of ultrasound. Plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite, 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1α), endothelin-1, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and 8-isoprostane were measured. EECP increased brachial (+51% versus +2%) and femoral (+30% versus +3%) artery flow-mediated dilation, the nitric oxide turnover/production markers nitrate and nitrite (+36% versus +2%), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F(1α) (+71% versus +1%), whereas it decreased endothelin-1 (-25% versus +5%) and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetrical dimethylarginine (-28% versus +0.2%) in treatment versus sham groups, respectively (all P<0.05). EECP decreased the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (-16% versus +12%), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (-13% versus +0.2%), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (-6% versus +1%), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-32% versus +5%), and the lipid peroxidation marker 8-isoprostane (-21% versus +1.3%) in treatment versus sham groups, respectively (all P<0.05). EECP reduced angina classification (-62% versus 0%; P<0.001) in treatment versus sham groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide novel mechanistic evidence that EECP has a beneficial effect on peripheral artery flow-mediated dilation and endothelial-derived vasoactive agents in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease.
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